Geography is the description of earth as the home of human beings and other living things: Geo (earth), Graphs (Description) in the Greek language. In 276 BC, Eratosthesene first coined the name Geography.
Branches of Geography (Systematic approach)
- Physical geography
- Human geography
- Biogeography
1. Physical Geography
Geomorphology: Studies the landform and Its evolution process of the Earth. (Lithosphere , Asthenosphere, Oceanic crust , Mantle, etc)
Climatology: Encompasses the structure of atmosphere, climates, weather, and its types in a different region .
Hydrology: Studies the water over the earth’s surface, oceans, rivers, lakes, etc
Soil geography: Studies the types of soil and its fertility status and distribution. (A thin layer spread over the outer surface of lithosphere & fund interface where atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere meet)
2. Human geography
Socio/culture Geography: It encompasses the study of its society and the community’s spatial dynamics and cultural elements.
Population / Settlement geography: Studies the population and its growth, distribution, sex- ratio, migrants, and occupation structure.
Settlement Geography: Studies the settlement of population in urban and rural areas.
Economic Geography: Studies the agriculture, trade, tourism, services, industry between the economies around the world and its important factors.
Historical Geography: Studies the historical process by which space gets organized, Starting from Nebular hypothesis, Big Bang Theory, Star Formation and more.
Political Geography: Space relations between different neighboring units and develop a theoretical framework to understand the political behavior of the population.
3. Biogeography
Plant Geography: Studies the spatial pattern and natural vegetation of their habitats.
Zoo Geography: Studies the spatial pattern and geographic characteristics of animals and their habitats.
Ecology / Ecosystem: Studies the habitats and characteristics of Species.
Environmental Geography: Worlds over leading concerns about the temperature increases in the earth’s surface such as pollution, land gradation leads to the introduction of this new branch
